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From Proteopedia

Bovine b-1,4-galactosyltransferase catalytic domain complex with UDP-galactose, 1fr8
Ligands:
Activity:	Beta-N-acetylglucosaminylglycopeptide beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase, with EC number 2.4.1.38
Domains:	Galactosyl_T_2
Related:	1fgx
Structural annotation: Resources: CATH : 1Fr8A00, 1Fr8B00 InterPro : Ipr003859 Pfam : PF02709 SCOP : d1fr8a_, d1fr8b_ UniProt : P08037
Functional annotation: Cellular component: plasma membrane external side of plasma membrane Golgi trans cisterna basolateral plasma membrane Golgi apparatus glycocalyx desmosome integral to membrane cell surface membrane brush border membrane Biological process: acute inflammatory response negative regulation of cell proliferation carbohydrate metabolic process galactose metabolic process oligosaccharide biosynthetic process lactose biosynthetic process positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in wound healing penetration of zona pellucida epithelial cell development positive regulation of apoptosis involved in mammary gland involution branching morphogenesis of a tube development of secondary sexual characteristics extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis angiogenesis involved in wound healing cell adhesion leukocyte migration regulation of acrosome reaction binding of sperm to zona pellucida protein amino acid terminal N-glycosylation glycoprotein biosynthetic process mammary gland development regulation of cell motility Molecular function: lactose synthase activity metal ion binding galactosyltransferase activity transferase activity, transferring glycosyl groups N-acetyllactosamine synthase activity manganese ion binding beta-N-acetylglucosaminylglycopeptide beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase activity cytoskeletal protein binding UDP-galactosyltransferase activity transferase activity
Evolutionary conservation: Toggle Conservation Colors: Rows = identical sequences: Further Information: Caveats, Explanation, Complete Results at ConSurfDB
Resources:	FirstGlance, OCA, PDBsum, RCSB
Coordinates:	save as pdb, mmCIF, xml

Galactosyltransferase (GT) catalyzes the transfer of galactose during the synthesis of polysaccharides. the synthesis of polysaccharides requires hundreds of different glycosyltransferases. In plants, the elongation of N-glycan chains involves the sequential addition of galactose and fucose residues by β-1,3-galactosyltransferase and α-1,4-fucosyltransferase (GTB). β-1,4-galactosyltransferase (BGT) transfers galactose in a β-1,4 linkage to acceptor sugars like GlcNac, Glc and Xyl. α-1,3-galactosyltransferase (AGT) synthesizes α-1,3-galactose epitopes which are the major xenoantigens causing hyperacute rejection in pit-to-human xenotransplantation.

3D structures of galactosyltransferase

Updated November 2011

β-1,4-galactosyltransferase (BGT)

1fgx - bBGT catalytic domain – bovine

1pzt - bBGT catalytic domain (mutant)

2fy7 - hBGT catalytic domain (mutant) – human

3lw6 - BGT catalytic domain (mutant) – Drosophila melanogaster

BGT binary complexes

1fr8, 1o0r - bBGT catalytic domain + UDP-galactose

1tvy, 1tw1 - bBGT catalytic domain (mutant) + UDP-galactose

1tw5 - bBGT catalytic domain (mutant) + chitobiose

1nf5 - bBGT + α-lactalbumin

1o23 - bBGT catalytic domain + UDP-glucose

1oqm - bBGT catalytic domain + UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine

2fya - hBGT catalytic domain (mutant) + Mn

BGT ternary complexes

1nhe, 1nkh - bBGT catalytic domain + UDP + α-lactalbumin

1yro - bBGT catalytic domain (mutant) + UDP-galactose + α-lactalbumin

1nwg - bBGT catalytic domain + N-butanoyl-glucoamine + α-lactalbumin

1nmm, 1nqi, 1pzy, 1o7q - bBGT catalytic domain + UDP + GlcNAc

2fyb - hBGT catalytic domain (mutant) + Mn + UDP

2ae7- hBGT catalytic domain + UDP + pentasaccharide

2aec, 2aes, 2agd - hBGT catalytic domain + UDP + GlcNAc + mannose

2fyc - hBGT catalytic domain (mutant) + UDP-galactose + Ca + α-lactalbumin

3ee5 - hBGT catalytic domain (mutant) + UDP + GlcNAc-β1,3-gal-β-naphthalenemethanol

2fyd - hBGT catalytic domain + UDP-GlcNAc + Mn + α-lactalbumin (mutant) + glucose

2ah9 - hBGT catalytic domain + UDP + chitotriose

α-1,3-galactosyltransferase (AGT)

1g8o, 1fg5, 2jco - bAGT catalytic domain

2jcl – bAGT catalytic domain (mutant)

1lz7 - hAGT catalytic domain

1vzu, 1vzx, 2i7b - hAGT catalytic domain (mutant)

AGT binary complexes

1g93, 1gx0 - bAGT catalytic domain + UDP-galactose

1k4v - bAGT catalytic domain + UDP

2rj0 - bAGT catalytic domain + UDP + Mn

1vzt, 2jcj - bAGT catalytic domain (mutant) + UDP

2vfz - bAGT catalytic domain (mutant) + UDP-2F-galactose

2vs4, 2vs5, 2vxl, 2vxm - bAGT catalytic domain (mutant) + UDP-galactose

2vs3 - bAGT catalytic domain + UDP-galactose

1ziz, 1zjp - hAGT catalytic domain + galactose

1zj0 - hAGT catalytic domain + lactose

1zj1 - hAGT catalytic domain + N-acetyl lactosamine

1zj2, 1zj3 - hAGT catalytic domain + trisaccharide

2a8u, 2a8w - hAGT catalytic domain + methyl lactoside

AGT ternary complexes

1gwv - bAGT catalytic domain + UDP + lactose

2jck - bAGT catalytic domain (mutant) + UDP + Mn

2wgz - bAGT catalytic domain + UDP + nitrophenyl-β-galactoside

1o7o - bAGT catalytic domain (mutant) + UDP + lactose

1gx4 - bAGT catalytic domain + UDP + N-acetyl lactosamine

1gww - bAGT catalytic domain + UDP + glucose

1r7u, 1r7x - hAGT catalytic domain + inhibitor + fucose

1r80 - hAGT catalytic domain + UDP + inhibitor + fucose

1r82 - hAGT catalytic domain + UDP-galactose + inhibitor + fucose

1lzj - hAGT catalytic domain + UDP + H antigen acceptor

Fucosylglycoprotein 3-AGT (GTB)

2pgv, 2pgy, 2riz, 2rj5 – hGTB (mutant)

2rit – hGTB

2rix – hGTB + UDP

2riy – hGTB + H-antigen acceptor

2rj1, 2rj6 - hGTB (mutant) + UDP + H-antigen disaccharide

2rj8 - hGTB + UDP + H-antigen disaccharide

2rj4 - hGTB (mutant) + UDP + ADA

2rj7 - hGTB (mutant) + UDP-galactose + deoxy-acceptor

2rj9 - hGTB + UDP-galactose + deoxy-acceptor

Fucosylgalactoside α N-acetylgalactosaminyltrasferase (GTA)

3ioh – hGTA (mutant)

3ioi - hGTA (mutant) + UDP-galactose derivative

3ioj - hGTA (mutant) + UDP

Various galactosyltransferase

1g9r - GT (mutant) + UDP-galactose + Mn – Neisseria meningitidis

2o1f, 2o1g – hGT ABO (mutant)

2o1h – hGT ABO (mutant) + UDP