6gct
From Proteopedia
cryo-EM structure of the human neutral amino acid transporter ASCT2
Structural highlights
Function[AAAT_HUMAN] Sodium-dependent amino acids transporter that has a broad substrate specificity, with a preference for zwitterionic amino acids. It accepts as substrates all neutral amino acids, including glutamine, asparagine, and branched-chain and aromatic amino acids, and excludes methylated, anionic, and cationic amino acids (PubMed:8702519). Through binding of the fusogenic protein syncytin-1/ERVW-1 may mediate trophoblasts syncytialization, the spontaneous fusion of their plasma membranes, an essential process in placental development (PubMed:10708449, PubMed:23492904).[1] [2] [3] (Microbial infection) Acts as a cell surface receptor for Feline endogenous virus RD114.[4] [5] (Microbial infection) Acts as a cell surface receptor for Baboon M7 endogenous virus.[6] (Microbial infection) Acts as a cell surface receptor for type D simian retroviruses.[7] Publication Abstract from PubMedHuman ASCT2 belongs to the SLC1 family of secondary transporters and is specific for the transport of small neutral amino acids. ASCT2 is upregulated in cancer cells and serves as the receptor for many retroviruses; hence, it has importance as a potential drug target. Here we used single-particle cryo-EM to determine a structure of the functional and unmodified human ASCT2 at 3.85-A resolution. ASCT2 forms a homotrimeric complex in which each subunit contains a transport and a scaffold domain. Prominent extracellular extensions on the scaffold domain form the predicted docking site for retroviruses. Relative to structures of other SLC1 members, ASCT2 is in the most extreme inward-oriented state, with the transport domain largely detached from the central scaffold domain on the cytoplasmic side. This domain detachment may be required for substrate binding and release on the intracellular side of the membrane. Cryo-EM structure of the human neutral amino acid transporter ASCT2.,Garaeva AA, Oostergetel GT, Gati C, Guskov A, Paulino C, Slotboom DJ Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2018 Jun;25(6):515-521. doi: 10.1038/s41594-018-0076-y. Epub, 2018 Jun 5. PMID:29872227[8] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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