4i54
From Proteopedia
Crystal structure of clade A/E 93TH057 HIV-1 gp120 H375S core in complex with DMJ-II-121
Structural highlights
FunctionQ0ED31_9HIV1 The envelope glyprotein gp160 precursor down-modulates cell surface CD4 antigen by interacting with it in the endoplasmic reticulum and blocking its transport to the cell surface (By similarity).[RuleBase:RU004292][SAAS:SAAS000328_004_020447] The gp120-gp41 heterodimer allows rapid transcytosis of the virus through CD4 negative cells such as simple epithelial monolayers of the intestinal, rectal and endocervical epithelial barriers. Both gp120 and gp41 specifically recognize glycosphingolipids galactosyl-ceramide (GalCer) or 3' sulfo-galactosyl-ceramide (GalS) present in the lipid rafts structures of epithelial cells. Binding to these alternative receptors allows the rapid transcytosis of the virus through the epithelial cells. This transcytotic vesicle-mediated transport of virions from the apical side to the basolateral side of the epithelial cells does not involve infection of the cells themselves (By similarity). Publication Abstract from PubMedThe design, synthesis, thermodynamic and crystallographic characterization of a potent, broad spectrum, second-generation HIV-1 entry inhibitor that engages conserved carbonyl hydrogen bonds within gp120 has been achieved. The optimized antagonist exhibits a sub-micromolar binding affinity (110 nM) and inhibits viral entry of clade B and C viruses (IC50 geometric mean titer of 1.7 and 14.0 muM, respectively), without promoting CD4-independent viral entry. thermodynamic signatures indicate a binding preference for the (R,R)-over the (S,S)-enantiomer. The crystal structure of the small molecule-gp120 complex reveals the displacement of crystallographic water and the formation of a hydrogen bond with a backbone carbonyl of the bridging sheet. Thus, structure-based design and synthesis targeting the highly conserved and structurally characterized CD4:gp120 interface is an effective tactic to enhance the neutralization potency of small molecule HIV-1 entry inhibitors. Structure-Based Design and Synthesis of an HIV-1 Entry Inhibitor Exploiting X-Ray and Thermodynamic Characterization.,Lalonde JM, Le-Khac M, Jones DM, Courter JR, Park J, Schon A, Princiotto AM, Wu X, Mascola JR, Freire E, Sodroski J, Madani N, Hendrickson WA, Smith AB 3rd ACS Med Chem Lett. 2013 Mar 14;4(3):338-343. PMID:23667716[1] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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